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Table 2 The roles of differentially expressed proteins reported in viral infections

From: Proteomic analysis of primary duck hepatocytes infected with duck hepatitis B virus

Protein Name

Functions indicated in viral infections

References

Aconitase 2, mitochondrial

Binding to the 3'-untranslated region of the mouse hepatitis virus genome and increasing virus production as well as viral protein synthesis at early hours of infection

Nanda et al., 2001. J Virol. 75, 3352-62.

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

Regulating Sendai virus transcription through their interactions with tubulin

Ogino et al., 2001. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285, 447-55.

Triosephosphate isomerase

Increased between cancerous and noncancerous tissues from hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Kuramitsu et al., 2005. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2, 589-601.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1

Specifically binding to the core region of HCV RNA genome in vitro

Su et al., 2007. Intervirology. 50, 303-9.

Alpha-enolase

A candidate biomarker for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma; required for efficient transcription of Sendai virus genome

Takashima et al., 2005. Proteomics. 5, 1686-92.

Ogino et al., 2001. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285, 447-55.

GAPDH

May interfere in the life-cycle of HBV to phosphorylate HBV core protein and playing roles in HBV infection in intracellular processes

Duclos-Vallee et al., 1998. J Gen Virol. 79 (Pt 7), 1665-70.

Duclos-Vallee et al., 2002. Hepatol Res. 22, 65-73.

Lamin A

Impeding HSV-1 infectivity; Phosphorylated in HSV-infected cells, regulating virus capsid nuclear egress; Epstein-Barr virus reactivation-mediated redistribution of nuclear lamin to modulate the cellular environment for virion production; cytomegalovirus induced distortion of the nuclear lamina

Mou et al., 2008. J Virol. 82, 8094-104.

Mou et al., 2007. J Virol. 81, 6459-70.

Lee et al., 2008. J Virol. 82, 11913-26.

Milbradt et al., 2007. J Gen Virol. 88, 2642-50.

Beta-actin

Actin rearrangements contribute to Simian virus 40 endocytosis; required by viral particle up-taking and infection establishment, including HIV, adenovirus, Simian virus 40, and vaccinia virus, etc

Pelkmans et al., 2002. Science. 296, 535-9.

Pollard et al., 2003. Cell. 112, 453-65.

Bukrinskaya et al., 1998. J Exp Med. 188, 2113-25.

Li et al., 1998. J Virol. 72, 8806-12.

Ploubidou et al., 2001. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 13, 97-105.

Dynein, light chain

Regulating Gag and viral RNA egress on endosomal membranes in the cytoplasm to directly impact on viral production; microtubule-dependent dynein activity increased through activation of the p38 MAPK by HBx, perhaps facilitating the process of maturation; directly used by poliovirus for retrograde axonal transport

Lehmann et al., 2009. J Biol Chem. 284, 14572-85.

Kim et al., 2007. J Virol. 81, 1714-26.

Gonzalez et al., 2007. Intervirology. 50, 214-8.

Cofilin-2

Possible involving in the process of HIV initial binding and fusion steps, and inhibiting some subsequent early post-entry events in HIV infection of T cells

Liu et al., 2009. Sci Signal. 2, pe23.

Heat shock protein 70B

HBV P protein activation in vitro is fundamentally dependent on Hsc70/Hsp40; involving in HBV morphogenesis as a chaperone

Beck et al., 2003. J Biol Chem. 278, 36128-38.

Prange et al., 1999. Biol Chem. 380, 305-14.

Annexin A2

Assisting in the assembly of HIV, and supporting HIV-1 infection as a cellular cofactor; enhancing cytomegalovirus binding and membrane fusion and supporting the replication of influenza viruses by mediating activation of plasminogen

Ma et al., 2004. J Exp Med. 200, 1337-46.

Raynor et al., 1999. Biochemistry. 38, 5089-95.

LeBouder et al., 2008. J Virol. 82, 6820-8.

Elongation factor 2

Interacting with hepatitis B virus core protein in leukocytes; possessing a highly conserved anti-apoptotic activity induced by HIV-1 viral protein R

Lin et al., 2006. World J Gastroenterol. 12, 1043-8.

Zelivianski et al., 2006. Apoptosis. 11, 377-88.

Ovotransferrin

Playing a crucial role in protecting the whole chicken embryo fibroblasts from Marek's disease virus infection spreading

Giansanti et al., 2007. Biochem Cell Biol. 85, 150-5.