From: Non-targeted proteomics of acute respiratory distress syndrome: clinical and research applications
Reference | Samples | Study objective | Number of subjects | Number of identified proteins; | Top 5 up/down regulated proteins | Proteomics methodology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[23] Bowler RP 2004 | Plasma; Edema fluid in ARDS; BALF | To expatiate the protein profiles | 16 ARDS; 12 healthy | 300 distinct protein spots; 158 proteins identified | ↑: albumin, IgG, transferrin, clusterin and hemoglobin α2; ↓: Surfactant protein A, α1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, GST and transthyretin | 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/MS |
[24] De Torre C 2006 | BALF | To assess pulmonary inflammatory markers | 11 ARDS; 33 healthy controls challenged with endotoxin | Only differentially expressed proteins reported | ↑: Apo A1, S100A8, S100A9, AT III and transthyretin | SELDI-TOF/MS; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/MS |
[25] Schnapp LM 2006 | BALF | To collect a more complete protein profile | 3 ARDS; 6 healthy | 226, 291 and 659 proteins for the three patients studied | ↑: albumin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen α chain, α1 chymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein and antitrypsin inhibitor | 2D-HPLC; Shotgun Proteomics; LC-MS/MS |
[26] Gessner C 2008 | Exhaled breath | To find biomarkers of ARDS from EBC | 24 ARDS; 10 healthy; 6 pneumonia (no ARDS) | 3 proteins | ↑: cytokeratins 2, 9, and 10 | 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/MS |
[27] Chang DW 2008 | BALF | To examine changes of protein expression by time | ARDS on days 1 (n = 7), 3 (n = 8), and 7 (n = 5); 9 healthy | 991 proteins spots seen. Only 80 proteins spots analyzed by MS which represented 37 unique proteins | ↑: C3, S100A9, fibrinogen α chain, α1-antitrypsin, Apo A1 and hemopexin precursor | 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/MS |
[28] Chen X 2013 | Pooled plasma | To expound novel biomarkers and identify the potential ARDS treatment targets | 11 ARDS (Direct lung injury = 6, Indirect lung injury = 5); 15 healthy | 132 proteins | ↑: SAA, isoform 1 of CRP, α1-antichymotrypsin, Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein and α1-AGP1 ↓: complement factor H, Apo A1, serotransferrin, Apo C3 and Apo B100 | MALDI TOF/TOF; iTRAQ; LC-MS/MS |
[29] Nguyen EV 2013 | BALF | To distinguish VAP in ARDS patients | 30 ARDS: 14 VAP (+) and 16 VAP (−); 5 healthy | 76 proteins | ↑: in VAP (+): S100A8, elastase 2, lactotransferrin, actinin 1 and calnexin; In VAP (−): β-hemoglobin, keratin 2, fibrinogen beta chain, SERPINF1 and fibronectin 1 | 2D-HPLC; ESI-MS/MS |
[30] Dong H 2013 | Alveolar macrophage | Comparative analysis of alveolar macrophage proteome in patients with ARDS | 14 ARDS (severe infection): 6 Severe pancreatitis, 4 acute pyogenic cholangitis, 4 acute ileus | 27 proteins | ↑: (at the recovery phase): GSTP1, PEX13, S100A8/A9 and leukocyte elastase inhibitor; (at the exudative phase): HSP27, annexin A8, cathepsin B, napsin A and galectin-3 | 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/MS |
[12] Bhargava M 2014 | Pooled BALF | To differentiate the proteomic profiles in that survivors from non-survivors | 7 early phase ARDS survivors; 8 Early phase ARDS non-survivors; 7 late phase ARDS survivors | 724 proteins identified; 499 proteins quantified | ↑: (in early survivors): AT III, coagulation factor II/XII, plasminogen, complement C5/C1r, and hemopexin (in early non-survivors): type I/III/V collagen and MMP 9 | iTRAQ; 2D-HPLC; LC-MS/MS |
[31] Liu D 2014 | lung tissue | To obtain global protein expression changes in ARDS lung tissues and find new therapeutic target of ARDS | Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ALI rats | 18 proteins | ↑: peroxiredoxin 1, haptoglobin, GAPD, TCTP and VDBG; ↓: GSTA4, LGALS5, SPB1, transthyretin and Rho-associated protein kinase 1 | MALDI-TOF/MS |
[32] Tao J 2016 | lung tissue | To determine the mechanism underlying JGT treatment of ARDS | 3 groups (Con, Mod, and JGT-H) | 67 proteins | ↑: Actn2, Ligp1, Serpina3n, Mcm2, and Myl4; ↓: Hbbt1, Hbbt2, Coq9, Agrn and S1pr1 | LC/MS; iTRAQ LC Triple-TOF |
[33] Xu X 2017 | lung tissue | To investigate the relationship between differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the pathogenesis of oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI in mice | OA-treated ALI rat model and saline-treated mice | 849 proteins were differentially expressed between the two groups, including 545 upregulated and 304 downregulated proteins | ↑: C1qA, ASCC3, Piwi-like protein 2, hemoglobin β and Cxcl4; ↓: Collagen Alpha-1(V) Chain, GNAI1, chorion protein S18, VAMP3 and C-C motif chemokine 21a | iTRAQ |
[34] Tao Z 2017 | macrophage cells and lung tissue | To explore the protective and therapeutic mechanisms of SFJDC in a rat model | LPS-induced ALI rat models and saline-treated mice | 4 proteins in lung tissues;23 overlapping candidate proteins in AMs | ↑: TNFAIP8, β-hexosaminidase submit α, 5-oxoprolinase, apoptosis-inducing factor 1 and histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1 ↓: MAPRC1, DNAJB11, PRKCDBP, DNAJC5 and MAP6 | HPLC-MS / MS, |
[35] Ji Z 2017 | serum of rat | To find proteins may be detected in the plasma of patients at high risk of ARDS | Rat model of ARDS was established by cecal ligation and puncture surgery | 38 differentially expressed immunogenic proteins | ↑: RASL11A, LOC689092, NUDT5, ENO1 and NEMF ↓: CHDH, Ankrd24, TEC, Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 and EPC1 | 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF/TOF |
[14] Janga H 2018 | H441 epithelial cells and endothelial cells | To analyse the site-specific effects of LPS on the ACB and reveal the effects on the individual cell types and the ACB as a functional unit | H441 epithelial cells and endothelial cells | 5 proteins | ↑: ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Angiopoietin 2, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, complement C1r and cathepsin S | LS-MS |
[36] Yue X 2019 | BALF | To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of ARDS due to direct and indirect pulmonary insult | control, intratracheal (I.T., direct) and intraperitoneal (I.P., indirect) LPS-treated mice | 1017 proteins were identified; The two LPS groups shared 13 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated proteins compared to the control group | ↑: Apcs, H2afz, Hba-a1, Hist2h2aa2 and Hmgn2 ↓: Anpep, Annexin A5, AU021092, Cadm1 and Cd200 | Discovery-Based Quantitative Shotgun Proteomics |